Abuja: Autism awareness has gained huge global attention in recent years. However, in Africa, progress remains hindered by widespread misconceptions, stigma, and limited access to essential services. While efforts are being made to address these challenges, much remains to be done to ensure inclusivity and equal opportunities for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
According to News Agency of Nigeria, autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive behaviours. Many individuals with ASD and their families face immense challenges, including inadequate access to quality education, healthcare, and social support. In Africa, these difficulties are often exacerbated by deeply ingrained cultural beliefs and a lack of early diagnosis and intervention.
In Nigeria, ASD is a major public health concern, with prevalence rates varying across studies and regions. Research indicates that approximately 1 in 150 to 160 children-equating to around 600,000 individuals-are affected by ASD in the country. Hospital-based studies have reported prevalence rates of 1 in 43.5 in South-West Nigeria and 1 in 125 in South-Eastern Nigeria. Another study documented a prevalence of 2.3 percent among 2,320 new cases at child neurology and psychiatric clinics over a six-year period. Among children with intellectual disabilities, the prevalence of ASD was found to be 11.4 percent.
Despite these figures, autism awareness in Nigeria remains limited. Health experts argue that many individuals with ASD are either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to a lack of understanding among healthcare professionals and the general public. According to them, cultural misconceptions contribute greatly to the stigma, with some attributing autism to supernatural causes. As a result, families often conceal affected individuals, preventing them from accessing appropriate care and support. Although efforts to improve awareness are ongoing, challenges persist in ensuring accurate diagnosis and intervention.
One advocate leading the charge in changing this narrative is Victoria Jim, founder of the Sustainable Development for Africa Youth Initiative (SuDAYI). Through her organisation, she is championing the rights of individuals with autism, providing support for affected families, and working towards creating a more inclusive society. Jim's passion for autism advocacy stems from her personal experiences growing up in Africa, where she witnessed the marginalisation and exclusion of individuals with disabilities. Determined to drive change, she founded SuDAYI, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) that focuses on advocating for inclusive policies and support systems for individuals with autism and other disabilities.
Through SuDAYI, she is working to bridge the gaps in autism services and ensure that individuals with ASD have the necessary resources to thrive. Over the next two years, the organisation aims to implement a comprehensive autism management programme, focusing on inclusive education, family support, and professional training for caregivers and healthcare workers. To achieve this, SuDAYI is establishing partnerships with government agencies, NGOs, and community leaders to promote autism awareness and encourage acceptance.
In spite of some progress in autism advocacy, policy gaps remain a major challenge. Legal frameworks such as the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act 2018 represent a step forward, but they fail to adequately address the specific needs of children and women with disabilities. Rep. Bashiru Dawodu, Chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on Disability Matters, acknowledges the limitations of the current law. According to him, while the government has an important role in shaping policies, the collective efforts of civil society organisations (CSOs) and advocacy groups are equally essential.
Similarly, Mohammed Isa, Senior Special Assistant to the President on Special Needs and Equal Opportunities, shares this sentiment, reaffirming the government's commitment to inclusive development under President Bola Tinubu's Renewed Hope Agenda. The government's pledge to collaborate with initiatives like SuDAYI offers a glimmer of hope for a more inclusive future. However, one of the most pressing needs in addressing autism in Africa is increasing awareness and shifting societal perceptions.
Platforms such as the 14th Annual Autism Conference, organised by Guaranty Trust Holding Company (GTCO), are working to change this narrative. Segun Agbaje, CEO of GTCO, emphasises the importance of recognising the strengths of individuals with autism rather than focusing on their challenges. The conference, themed 'A Spectrum of Possibilities,' advocates for greater inclusion and encourages society to support autistic individuals in finding their passions and making meaningful contributions.
One individual who embodies resilience in the face of autism is Zekwande Mathenjwa, a South African who has lived with ASD. In his video titled 'Escaping from Silence', Zekwande shares his journey of overcoming social isolation and the struggles of growing up with autism. His story serves as a powerful reminder that with the right support, individuals with autism can lead fulfilling and successful lives.
As stakeholders continue to push for autism awareness and inclusivity, the future looks promising for individuals with autism in Africa. Organisations like SuDAYI, backed by government policies, advocacy campaigns, and cultural education efforts, are paving the way for a society that embraces neurodiversity rather than marginalising it. With continued collaboration, awareness, and policy development, Africa can move towards a future where every individual, regardless of ability, is empowered to lead a meaningful life.